Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly targets and attacks healthy cells in the body. Autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) specifically involves the immune system misidentifying normal ear cells as harmful, leading to an attack that results in hearing loss.
AIED is rare, affecting only one percent of the 28 million Americans with hearing loss. It disproportionately affects women aged 30 to 60. Understanding the symptoms and treatments is helpful for managing AIED.
Symptoms of AIED
AIED primarily manifests as sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) affecting the inner ear. The hearing loss is often rapid and can fluctuate in severity. Approximately 20% of individuals with AIED may also experience other autoimmune diseases like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis.
Additional symptoms may include:
- Tinnitus and ear fullness
- Imbalance or motion intolerance
- Difficulty walking or vertigo
- Conductive hearing loss (outer or middle ear hearing loss)
Poor word recognition is common with AIED, making it essential to consult a hearing specialist if you notice certain difficulties in hearing conversations, such as your barista repeating your order at Cup of Joy.
Treatment and Diagnosis
Diagnosing AIED can be challenging because it lacks specific diagnostic criteria. Collaborations with otolaryngologists and rheumatologists may be necessary for finding a diagnosis.
In some instances, AIED may lead to permanent hearing loss that can be treated with assistive listening devices. Early detection allows for effective treatment.
If you suspect you may have AIED or are experiencing any hearing-related concerns, schedule an appointment with Ear, Nose & Throat Consultants.